Which metabolic process releases energy by breaking down larger molecules?

The process that releases energy by breaking down larger molecules is catabolism. This metabolic process involves the breakdown of complex molecules, such as carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, into simpler molecules like glucose, fatty acids, and amino acids. As these larger molecules are broken down, energy is released, which the body can then use to perform various functions, including muscle contraction, nerve impulse transmission, and maintaining body temperature.

Catabolism is a critical aspect of metabolism, which encompasses all biochemical reactions in the body, including both catabolic and anabolic processes. While anabolism refers to the building up of larger molecules from smaller ones, requiring energy input, catabolism focuses specifically on energy release through the breakdown of these larger molecules.

Hypercatabolism refers to an exaggerated state of catabolism, often seen in conditions like severe illness or malnutrition, where the body is breaking down more tissue than normal. However, it is not a general term for the breakdown process but rather a specific situation characterized by excessive catabolic activity.

Thus, catabolism is the correct answer, as it specifically describes the metabolic process of breaking down larger molecules to release energy.