What three elements make up carbohydrates?

Carbohydrates are organic compounds that are primarily composed of three elements: carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. The molecular structure of carbohydrates typically follows the general formula ( C_n(H_2O)_n ), indicating that they are formed from carbon atoms bonded to water molecules in a specific ratio.

The presence of carbon is essential because it forms the backbone of carbohydrate molecules, allowing for the formation of chains and rings. Hydrogen and oxygen are also crucial; they are included in the structure in the ratio common to water. This composition contributes to the function of carbohydrates as a source of energy and as structural components in cells.

The other options provided do not correctly represent the elements that constitute carbohydrates. Nitrogen, phosphorus, and sulfur, for instance, are associated with proteins and nucleic acids, not carbohydrates. Similarly, the combination of oxygen, hydrogen, and calcium does not pertain to carbohydrates at all, making the correct answer that emphasizes carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen vital for understanding the biochemical framework of this macronutrient.