What effect do trans fats have on human health?

Trans fats have a well-documented negative impact on human health. They are primarily associated with an increase in low-density lipoprotein (LDL), often referred to as "bad" cholesterol, which can contribute to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease. Additionally, trans fats can decrease high-density lipoprotein (HDL), or "good" cholesterol, which plays a protective role in heart health.

The combination of increased LDL and decreased HDL creates an unfavorable lipid profile, elevating the risk of atherosclerosis and related heart problems. This specific action on cholesterol levels is a critical aspect of why health authorities have recommended limiting or eliminating trans fats from the diet. This substantial body of research informs dietary guidelines and public health recommendations, illustrating the detrimental effects of trans fats on overall cardiovascular health.